Darwin once theorized, “The only true driving force behind the course of action of any organism is reproductive fitness.” Any action that increases proliferation will endure within a species. Bacteria are not exempt from this, and thus the production of biofilm.
What is Biofilm?
The most simplistic definition of biofilm is a thin, slimy film of bacteria that adheres to a surface. In the medical field we often, and mistakenly, only associate this with medical devices or implants. In reality, bacteria, fungi, and protists can form biofilms. Dental plaque is an example of a biofilm. If anyone has ever seen pond scum, you have seen a biofilm.
A Thriving Community
Microorganisms that form a biofilm benefit from the “community” they create. Bacteria within a biofilm are more resistant to antibiotics and disinfectants that would normally kill those “loners” wandering on their own. Antimicrobial drug resistance is one of the hallmark characteristics of microbial biofilms. The cells within a biofilm can be as much as 1000-fold more tolerant/resistant to antimicrobial drug therapy. Wounds frequently see biofilm formation if not treated quickly and effectively. An acute infection does not provide the best environment for the formation of biofilms, whereas a chronic infection is a perfect neighborhood for the joining of forces, if you will, of multiple infective microbes, establishing synergistic interactions resulting in biofilm formation.
Power in Numbers
It is suspected biofilms are formed to create community defense. There is safety in numbers after all. Studies have shown exchanges of genetic material among cells within a biofilm, producing more resistant pathogens. They also migrate to a favorable environment within their host. There is a constant race within our bodies involving our immune responses and the progression of bacterial strategies to evade them. Biofilm formation is one of these strategies used by bacteria to survive. Think of a diabetic wound. A nutrient-rich environment providing a perfect landing pad for wandering pathogens creating a difficult medical challenge. Failure to win this challenge many times results in the loss of an appendage.
How PCR Testing Can Help
Identifying pathogens quickly and accurately becomes critical when dealing with biofilms. PCR is both fast and accurate and yields information on antibiotic resistance within the individual. Considerable amounts of study are being focused on biofilms as there are still a lot of questions regarding treatment failures as well as the development of antibiofilm compounds.
As is always the case, we are here to assist you in the best care possible for your patients. Thank you for allowing us to provide you with laboratory services. Reach out to us at any time.